ENERGY CONSERVATION WITH ACTIONS PART--- 2
A)ENERGY CONSERVATION
WHEN USING FOSSIL FUELS SUCH AS COAL,NATURAL GAS ,CRUDE OIL AND IT'S DERIVATIVES,
OR OTHER FUEL.
B)ENERGY CONSERVATION
USING ELECTRICITY.
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A)Energy Conservation
actions when using fossil fuels including coal ,natural
gas ,oil and it's derivatives.
These fuels are commonly used in power plants (coal, /natural gas),industry, transportation,
manufacturing for furnaces ,boilers,chemical
plants etc and also cooking ,baking etc etc
In each of these areas where fuel is used the efficienct use of fuel will result in reduced
consumption and attribute to energy conservation.
a)In the power plant sector energy conservation
can be achieved by switching over to Nuclear energy
for new power plants which will also reduce green house gas emissions helping
the environment as well reduce dependence on coal or gas as normally used.
b)Industrial. Usage of fuel.In the industrial
sectors including manufacturing
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where boilers,furnaces,kilns use liquid
fuel or gas by using high efficiency combustion burners and efforts are
made to ensure no wastage of fuel and ensuring minimum heat losses take place by good insulation the result will be energy conservation in the equipment operation.
BURNERS
MINI BOILER
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c)In the manufacturing sector where equipment like Boilers or Thermopacks are used in order
to conserve energy by reducing fuel consumption
it is recommended to have Mini boilers
instead of one large capacity boiler so that
in 2nd and 3rd shifts when demand for steam is less the required no of mini boilers
can be run to cater to the needs of the plant.
ACTIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION USING FOSSIL FUELS.
INSTALL NUCLEAR
ENERGY RUN POWER PLANTS IN THE FUTURE
USE HIGH EFFICIENCY COMBUSTION
EQUIPMENT LIKE BURNERS, AVOID LEAKAGES
OF FUEL, PROVIDE GOOD INSULATION TO EQUIPMENT TO AVOID HEAT LOSSES, AVOID STOPPING
STARTING OF EQUIPMENT OFTEN AND RUN AT FULL
LOAD AS RATED.
INSTALL SERIES OF MINI BOILERS INSTEAD ONE LARGE CAPACITY BOILERS TO CATER TO STAGGERED LOAD REQUIREMENTS OF THE PLANT IN 2ND & 3RD SHIFTS WHEN REQUIRED NOS OF MINI BOILERS CAN BE RUN.
c)Transportation including
all type of vehicles used on roads,sea,or
air.
Today
most type of transportation whether
by land, sea or air uses petrol,diesel,aviation
fuel or gas etc for their engines that run the vehicle.
Engineers are constantly working to ensure the engines of these transport vehicles give maximum output for given quantity of fuel so as to reduce consumption
which is surely contributing to energy conservation
as well as reducing the cost of operation
per kilometer.
However in order to give a big boost to energy conservation in transportation the final solution is stressing
on energy efficient electricity run vehicles
i.e on electric rechargeable batteries power or solar power to recharge the batteries. Many electric vehicles are already
in use but the thrust has to be greater by making the vehicles more affordable, easier on battery charging with longer running time and more battery charging
stations convenient to the users.There has to be more competition with more
manufacturers coming into the market .Although petroleum -electric hybrid cars are
also available, for real conservation of
fuel consumption Electric vehicle is the answer including utility vehicles which are already in use.
ACTIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.
GIVE
A BOOST TO MAKING ELECTRICITY POWERED VEHICLES INCLUDING GOODS VEHICLES MORE EFFICIENT IN EVERY ASPECT WITH MORE BATTERY CHARGING STATIONS AND INCREASE THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED
PER CHARGE AT A GOOD SPEED AND AFFORDABLE
VEHICLE TO ATTRACT USERS.
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d)Cooking whether in the home,restaurant,
canteen ,hotel or wherever is mostly done using LPG or cooking gas.This is found
to be the most economical compared to electric powered cooking
equipment like hot plates,electric coil heated ovens,microwave ovens etc.
ACTIONS
FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
We can contribute to energy conservation
even when cooking by taking some easy steps like using a pressure cooker,glazed
metal vessels, and lowering the gas flame when the contents begin to boil and cook on simmer heat with the
vessel closed.
Electric Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric current.
The unit of power is watt or one joule per second. Electric power
is produced by electric generators but can also be supplied by sources such as batteries.
Electrical energy is used for various purposes as follows.
1) Manufacturing both for civil and defence needs is the largest
consumer of electricity.
2)Chemical and pharmaceutical production.
3)Food processing and preservation of
various food items using refrigeration.
4)Transportation viz. Trains, monorail,
electric vehicles, etc
5)Lighting of homes,businesses,commercial needs,office equipment etc
6)Comfort cooling in residences ,commercial buildings,hotels,entertainment, etc,etc.) Information
Technology and Digital equipment etc etc.and many other applications.
All manufacturing activities
mostly are operated with electric motors
,transformers,and other electric gadgets at different voltages and power ratings.
Energy conservation can be a achieved by using
high efficiency motors and operating
at the machines at the rated output levels so as not to waste power that will result
in excess power consumption .
2)Chemical & pharmaceutical manufacturing
&3)Food processing and preservation.
In these industries the use of utilities
like steam from boilers,cooling towers,reaction kettles,circulation pumps etc etc
are used .Energy conservation can be achieved
by proper selection of mini boilers that can be run in series of one ,two ,three etc as per demand of steam during the three
shifts of the day. Selection of high efficiency burners for the boilers ,good operating steam traps,no
steam leakages in the steam power pipe line valves and joints.Good insulation of the steam line will also avoid radiation losses
.Also high efficiency motors for pumps and
other drives will also add to the savings in fuel.In the food processing industry
where refrigeration is important to
use correctly rated and energy efficient star rated equipment for cooling and preservation and ensure good design
and insulation of storage areas to avoid
loss of power used on the refrigeration
equipment.
ACTION S FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
in 1,2&3 above.
1)HIGH EFFICIENCY BURNERS FOR MINI BOILERS INSTEAD PLACE OF ONE
LARGE BOILERS.
2)GOOD STEAM TRAPS .3)NO LEAKAGES IN STEAM VALVES AND JOINTS.
3)GOOD INSULATION
OF STEAM LINES.
4)HIGH EFFICIENCY PUMPS FOR UTILITIES.
5)USE HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTORS IN MOST
APPLICATIONS AS PER AVAILABILITY.
6)ENSURE ENERGY EFFICIENT STAR RATED EQUIPMENT FOR REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING AND GOOD INSULATION
OF THE PRESERVATION FACILITY TO AVOID ENERGY LOSSES.
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4)Transportation including railways,metro,monorail,etc on rail.On road 2 wheelers,four wheelers ,forklifts, transport vehicles, transporting goods or people.
Railways are large consumers of electric power, therefore lots of energy can
be conserved by using energy efficiency motors
and using high voltage alternating current
supply in the powering of locomotives and electrical multiple units for transport of passengers. This has already been done by the
railways for some divisions they operate
on.Same study can be done for other transport on rail to achieve energy
conservation by those operating the same.
Transportation by electric
passenger vehicles running on batteries must be given a boost to reduce dependence on fossil fuels as well as
helping the environment.
USE HIGH OPERATING VOLTAGE ALTERNATING CURRENT SUPPLY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCT
MOTORS AND EFFICIENT OTHER OPERATING EQUIPMENT.
LED LAMPS
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5)Lighting/illumination of residences,business ,street lighting, powering of office equipment etc etc
Electrical Power is rate at which electrical
energy is transferred by electric
current. The unit of power is watt or one
joule per second. Electric power is produced by an electric generator or sources such as batteries.
The power needed for lighting as indicated
above is essential and without which all business activities
will come to a stand still without power . Therefore many business
houses install fuel run generators to take care of sudden power failures. However we can achieve energy
conservation in this requirement by some simple but effective measures as
follows.By conserving energy on lighting we are reducing the need for generation of electricity using fossil
fuels and thereby reducing pollution and carbon footprint that will help reduce depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore resorting to renewable sources of energy like Solar and wind energy is needed for maximum energy conservation and we must give them a boost.
ACTIONS FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR LIGHTING.
1)SERIOUSLY CONSIDER USING
ONLY CFL/ LED LAMPS IN THE LAYOUT OF LIGHT FITTINGS
IN THE OFFICE AREA RIGHT AT THE INTERIOR OF OFFICE DESIGN STAGE ITSELF. IF FLUORESCENT LIGHTING IS A MUST THEN USE
ELECTRONIC CHOKES FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.
2) MAKE THE RIGHT
SELECTION OF WATTAGE OF LAMPS AND SPACING OF LAMPS AND ALSO TYPE OF LAMPS THAT WILL GIVE MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION WITHOUT ANY BARRIERS .
3)PROVIDE THE
REQUIRED LEVEL OF LUX ILLUMINATION AS PER THE NEED AT THE WORK PLACE TO BARE MINIMUM RECOMMENDED BY LIGHTING EXPERTS.
4)PROVIDE CONVENIENT SWITCHING SYSTEM SO THAT EMPLOYEES CAN SWITCH
OFF WHEN LIGHTS ARE NOT NEEDED DUE TO SUFFICIENT DAY LIGHT
OR NO ONE PRESENT IN THE OFFICE.
5)PROVIDE ENERGY CONSERVATION GADGETS AVAILABLE. TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION
FOR THE ENTIRE FLOOR AT THE PANEL BOARD.
6)STUDY THE OPTION OF HARNESSING SOLAR ENERGY IF SOLAR
PANELS CAN BE PROVIDED ON THE TERRACE
OF THE BUILDING AFTER DUE STUDY OF ECONOMICS ,PROS&CONS.
6) EDUCATE THE WORKING STAFF ON NEED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.
COMFORT COOLING DONE BY AIR CONDITIONING.
Conditioning of the properties of air
viz temperature and humidity by external
factors is referred to Air Conditioning. It is mainly done for comfort cooling in places where people reside, work,study,travel,relax,
or spend leisure time to get comfort from
the ambient high temperature or humidity due to weather or working conditions.
Air conditioning gives an ambience that enables the persons present
to be very comfortable that helps to concentrate and put it more effort in whatever
is being done.
When providing Air conditioning for any closed area energy conservation
can be achieved by the following actions.
ACTIONS
TO ENSURE ENERGY CONSERVATION IN COMFORT
COOLING.
1)Make
a list of all the heat loads in the room whether occupied
by number of persons or equipment like motors,computers, printers,xerox machines,
microwave equipment, tea coffee machines, etc etc.
2)Check
that the room/premises does not have any leakages for air and the sunlight is prevented if direct on glazing by Sun Control film.
3)Calculate
the volume of the room or enclosed space and get an Air Conditioning expert to decide on the Tonnage needed to provide comfort
cooling after he also is given the total heat loads of the room.
4)Select
only energy efficient Air conditioning equipment
with ERR. Rating closer to 5 to save on energy consumption and power costs on an ongoing benefit.
Energy Efficiency
of an air conditioner depends on two factors ie Cooling Capacity (in BTU ) and Power Consumption
(in Watts)
1Ton
cooling capacity should be 12000BTUs&1.5 Tons 1800BTUs.
Star
rating is based on EER of an AC.
EER=COOLING
CAPACITY IN BTU DIVIDE BY POWER CONSUMPTION IN WATTS.
THE
HIGHER THE RATIO HIGHER IS STARTING RATING FROM 1TO
SOME REALLY GOOD ENERGY SAVING PRODUCTS WORTH BUYING TO HELP CONSERVE ENERGY AND REDUCE YOUR POWER BILLS.
To be continued. ENERGY CONSERVATION WITH ACTIONS-- PART 3
